An assessment of mother-to-child transmission prevention efforts in Cross River State
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- NGN 5000
Background of the Study
Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV remains a significant public health concern, particularly in resource-limited settings. In Cross River State, prevention efforts aimed at reducing MTCT have been implemented through comprehensive programs that include prenatal screening, antiretroviral prophylaxis, safe delivery practices, and postnatal care (Okoro, 2023; Nwankwo, 2024). These initiatives are crucial in ensuring that newborns are protected from HIV infection, thereby reducing pediatric HIV prevalence. Despite these efforts, challenges persist in achieving optimal coverage and adherence to MTCT prevention protocols. Factors such as limited healthcare access, stigma, and inadequate health education contribute to gaps in the prevention cascade. Moreover, the integration of PMTCT (prevention of mother-to-child transmission) services with routine maternal and child healthcare is often inconsistent, which may compromise the overall effectiveness of these interventions.
In Cross River State, efforts to promote PMTCT have received support from both governmental and non-governmental organizations. However, disparities in healthcare infrastructure and cultural practices pose significant barriers to universal coverage. Improving MTCT prevention is not only critical for the health of the child but also has long-term implications for community health and resource allocation. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of current MTCT prevention efforts, identify challenges, and propose targeted strategies to enhance program uptake and adherence.
Statement of the Problem
Despite the implementation of PMTCT programs in Cross River State, mother-to-child transmission of HIV continues to occur at rates higher than desired. Several factors contribute to this problem, including limited access to antenatal care, late presentation for prenatal services, and poor adherence to antiretroviral prophylaxis protocols (Eze, 2023). Stigma and fear of discrimination further discourage pregnant women from accessing testing and treatment services, while healthcare system challenges such as stockouts of medications and inadequate training of staff exacerbate the situation. This gap in effective prevention not only affects individual families but also poses a broader public health challenge, increasing the future burden of pediatric HIV. A critical evaluation of PMTCT efforts is needed to understand the barriers to effective implementation and to develop strategies that ensure timely and comprehensive care for mothers and their infants.
Objectives of the Study
1. To assess the effectiveness of current PMTCT programs in Cross River State.
2. To identify barriers affecting the uptake and adherence to MTCT prevention services.
3. To recommend strategies for improving the integration and effectiveness of PMTCT efforts.
Research Questions
1. How effective are existing PMTCT programs in preventing mother-to-child HIV transmission?
2. What are the key barriers to the uptake of MTCT prevention services in Cross River State?
3. What strategies can enhance the effectiveness of PMTCT interventions?
Research Hypotheses
1. Inadequate healthcare access is significantly associated with higher rates of MTCT.
2. Stigma and discrimination negatively affect the uptake of PMTCT services.
3. Enhanced integration of PMTCT with routine maternal care will significantly reduce MTCT rates.
Scope and Limitations of the Study
This study focuses on pregnant women and recent mothers accessing PMTCT services in selected health facilities in Cross River State. Data will be collected via surveys, focus group discussions, and facility assessments. Limitations include potential recall bias and differences in program implementation across facilities.
Definitions of Terms
• MTCT: Mother-to-child transmission of HIV.
• PMTCT: Prevention of mother-to-child transmission programs.
• Antenatal Care: Healthcare provided during pregnancy.
• Prophylaxis: Preventive treatment to reduce the risk of infection.
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